Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disease and also
termed as Lou Gehrig’s disease. The disease affects the motor neurons,
which control the action of voluntary muscles, as a result the messages between
brain and muscle fibers are blocked. ALS could occur in a person due to genetic
inheritance, mutation in gene which encodes enzyme copper-zinc superoxide
dismutase coupled with defect in chromosome 9. This disease is more prevalent
in males. All these abnormalities results in the release of glutamate which
damage the motor neurons controlling voluntary muscles. ALS projects various
symptoms such as spasticity, cramps, fasciculation, respiratory problems and
muscles weakness. The mortality rate has been studied to be higher in the ALS
patients mainly due to respiratory failures. ALS results in the inability to
breathe; this is due to non- functioning of diaphragram and chest muscles
caused due to muscle weakness It has been estimated that every year around
5,000 people in U.S. are diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is diagnosed with electromyography (EMG)
test which detect electrical activities of muscles. In addition, ALS can also
be diagnosed through nerve conduction study (NCS) test. This test measures
electrical energy used to send a signal by neurons. The ALS detection
only by symptoms is difficult since various other diseases such as spinal cord
tumor, syringomelia, cervical spondylosis and herniated neck disc. Succeeding
diagnosis, physicians prescribe various treatment options such as physical,
speech, occupational, chemotherapy and other therapies. Chemotherapy
includes only one drug which is riluzole and is the only drug approved by FDA.
Riluzole reduces motor neuron damage by decreasing the release of glutamate.
Other treatments which can be given to an ALS patient include muscle relaxants,
ventilators and drugs which would reduce fatigue, excessive salivation and
control spasticity. These drugs would only improve the quality of life of ALS
patient.
The age groups of 55 to 66 are highly prone to ALS due to weak immune
system. Rise in aging population worldwide would augment the growth of this
market. In addition, the government is also concerned for the various treatment
options of ALS. Recently in 2008, Collaborative ALS Drug Discovery Initiative
(CADDI) helped to initiate and accelerate the new drug development and
effective treatment of ALS. This initiative increased the number of ALS
treating pipeline drugs. Despite all these, various factors such as high cost
of treatment, unawareness about the disease and availability of ineffective
diagnosis methods would hinder the growth of this market.
Some of the major market players in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis market
include Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Avicena Inc., Sanofi Inc., Biogen Inc.
and others.
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